Wednesday 22 May 2013

ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS PROJECT IDEAS



Robotics and Mechatronics Projects



         1. Self Guided Pedestrian Crossing Robot for Blinds and  
              Elderly Personals(WALKING STICK)
2. Remote Guided Automatic warfare Gun Vehicle with Laser Target and Wireless Camera Monitoring system
3. Intelligent Tanker Robot for Security Operation in the Protected/Affected Area with RF Secured Communication – Unmanned & Operative
4.    Electromagnetic Magnetic Type Pick and place robot for material handling
5.    Flying Robot with Search & Rescue for an Accident area or Natural Disaster area
6.    Embedded controller for traffic controls
7.    Automatic control for unmanned railway gate with model
8.    Finger Gesture Recognition using Flex sensors with Voice Output
9.    Smart Wind Mill based Power Generation System for Mobile Charging
10.  Automatic control for unmanned railway gate with WAP
11.  Path Planning for Blind Person using Ultrasonic
12.   Ultrasonic based Parking Guidance System
13.  Two Axis Stepper Controller / Driver with Opto-Isolation
14.  Multi Axis Stepper Controller / Driver with Opto-Isolation
15.  Two Axis Robotics With Artificial Intelligence (AI)
16.  Three Axis Robotics With Artificial Intelligence (AI)
17.  RF Based Wireless Multi Axis Robotics with WAP
18.  Hardware Design for Pick and Place Robot
19.  Fire Fighting Robotics with artificial intelligence
20.  Fire Fighting Robotics With AI (Artificial Intelligence) and WAP
         21.  Intelli mobile robot for multispeciality operations
22.  PCB Drilling Machine using Cartesian bot
23.  Programmable Grass Shredding Robot
24.  Automatic Valet Car Parking System using conveyors
25.  Programmable Surface Cleaning Robot using Blowers
26.  Land Mine Detectors with Automatic Indication using GPS and GSM
27.  AI Based Image Capturing and Transferring to PC/CCTV using Robot
28. Vision Guided Law enforcement LAND ROVERS for military applications
29.   Automatic Color Sensing Robot with wireless PC interface
30.  Embedded System based Cockpit White box automation
31.Wireless AI Based Fire Fighting Robotics for Relief Operations(smoke/LDR/fireball)
32.Wireless AI Based smart Mobile Robot for Materials Handling or factory automation
33.Wireless Industrial Security Robot with Motion Detection(PIR SENSOR) System with PC INTERFACE
34.Walking Robot FOR IMPAIRED PEOPLES (MUSCLE WEAKNESS)
35.  Unmanned FLYING device for surveillance with RF Controller & Wireless Camera
36.  Self Guided Advanced Robotic Wheel Chair for Emergency Patient Transportation      system for preset locations
37.  Remote controlled Flying Machine to fertilize fields and conduct aerial surveillances.
38.  IVRS Based Control Of Three Axis Robot With Voice Feed Back
39.  Automated Vertical Car Parking System
40.  Voice Activated Multipurpose robots
41.  Embedded Micro controller Based Nomad Robots for exploration Application
42.Embedded Micro controller Based Robots for weather forecasting.
43.  Wireless AI Based voice controlled intelli robot for multispeciality operations
44.  Tracking Sun’s path for efficient use of Solar Cell with Model
45.  Axis Robotics Cell Phone Controlled Two with AI.
46.  Cell Phone Controlled Three Axis Robotics with AI.
47.   Mobile phone controlled alive human detector using robotics
        48. A Voice Command System for Autonomous Robots
        49. Voice controlled Electric Wheel Chair
            50. Railway pedestrian crossing between railway platforms
                  Without staircase.
   51.Conveyor for grade selector and diverter applications


Tuesday 14 May 2013

SWITCH AND LED INTERFACING WITH MICROCONTROLLER



SWITCH INTERFACING:
CPU accesses the switches through ports. Therefore these switches are connected to a microcontroller. This switch is connected between the supply and ground terminals. A single microcontroller (consisting of a microprocessor, RAM and EEPROM and several ports all on a single chip) takes care of hardware and software interfacing of the switch.

These switches are connected to an input port. When no switch is pressed, reading the input port will yield 1s since they are all connected to high (Vcc). But if any switch is pressed, one of the input port pins will have 0 since the switch pressed provides the path to ground. It is the function of the microcontroller to scan the switches continuously to detect and identify the switch pressed.

The switches that we are using in our project are 4 leg micro switches of momentary type.


     Interfacing switch with the microcontroller

Thus now the two conditions are to be remembered:
1.    When the switch is open, the total supply i.e., Vcc appears at the port pin P2.0
P2.0 = 1
2.    When the switch is closed i.e., when it is pressed, the total supply path is provided to ground. Thus the voltage value at the port pin P2.0 will be zero.
P2.0 = 0
By reading the pin status, the microcontroller identifies whether the switch is pressed or not. When the switch is pressed, the corresponding related to this switch press written in the program will be executed.
LED INTERFACING:

LED stands for Light Emitting Diode.
Microcontroller port pins cannot drive these LEDs as these require high currents to switch on. Thus the positive terminal of LED is directly connected to Vcc, power supply and the negative terminal is connected to port pin through a current limiting resistor.


This current limiting resistor is connected to protect the port pins from sudden flow of high currents from the power supply.
Thus in order to glow the LED, first there should be a current flow through the LED. In order to have a current flow, a voltage difference should exist between the LED terminals. To ensure the voltage difference between the terminals and as the positive terminal of LED is connected to power supply Vcc, the negative terminal has to be connected to ground. Thus this ground value is provided by the microcontroller port pin. This can be achieved by writing an instruction “CLR P1.0”. With this, the port pin P1.0 is initialized to zero and thus now a voltage difference is established between the LED terminals and accordingly, current flows and therefore the LED glows. LED and switches can be connected to any one of the four port pins.



Light-emitting diode (LED)

Light-emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics. They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. For their low price, low consumption and simple use, they have almost completely pushed aside other light sources- bulbs at first place. They perform similar to common diodes with the difference that they emit light when current flows through them.
                                

It is important to know that each diode will be immediately destroyed unless its current is limited. This means that a conductor must be connected in parallel to a diode. In order to correctly determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to know diode’s voltage drop in forward direction, which depends on what material a diode is made of and what colour it is. Values typical for the most frequently used diodes are shown in table below: As seen, there are three main types of LEDs.
Standard ones get ful brightness at current of 20mA. Low Current diodes get ful brightness at ten times lower current while Super Bright diodes produce more intensive light than Standard ones.


Since the 8051 microcontrollers can provide only low input current and since their pins are configured as outputs when voltage level on them is equal to 0, direct connectining to LEDs is carried out as it is shown on figure (Low current LED, cathode is connected to output pin).

Switches and Pushbuttons

There is nothing simpler than this! This is the simplest way of controlling appearance of some voltage on microcontroller’s input pin. There is also no need for additional explanation of how these components operate.
                        

Fig 4.3 :  Switches and Pushbuttons

Nevertheless, it is not so simple in practice... This is about something commonly unnoticeable when using these components in everyday life. It is about contact bounce- a common problem with m e c h a n i c a l switches. If contact switching does not happen so quickly, several consecutive bounces can be noticed prior to maintain stable state. The reasons for this are: vibrations, slight rough spots and dirt. Anyway, whole this process does not last long (a few micro- or miliseconds), but long enough to be registered by the microcontroller. Concerning pulse counter, error occurs in almost 100% of cases!

The simplest solution is to connect simple RC circuit which will “suppress” each quick voltage change. Since the bouncing time is not defined, the values of elements are not strictly determined. In the most cases, the values shown on figure are sufficient.
If complete safety is needed, radical measures should be taken! The circuit, shown on the figure (RS flip-flop), changes logic state on its output with the first pulse triggered by contact bounce. Even though this is more expensive solution (SPDT switch), the problem is definitely resolved! Besides, since the condensator is not used, very short pulses can be also registered in this way. In addition to these hardware solutions, a simple software solution is commonly applied too: when a program tests the state of some input pin and finds changes, the check should be done one more time after certain time delay. If the change is confirmed it means that switch (or pushbutton) has changed its position. The advantages of such solution are obvious: it is free of charge, effects of disturbances are eliminated too and it can be adjusted to the worst-quality contacts.

Wednesday 8 May 2013

MICROCONTROLLER BASED MINI AND MAJOR EMBEDDED PROJECT IDEAS



Multistory CAR Parking with Personal Protection for VIP Parking
Biomedical Monitoring System
Digital Calendar
Digital Count Down Timer
Stepper Motor Control through RF Link
Automatic Room Light Controller
Microcontroller Based Temperature  Controller
DS1820 High Precision Temperature Indicator
Temperature Controlled Fan
Traffic Light Controller Density Based
RTC Based Time Operated Electrical Appliance Control
Electronic Circuit Breaker
Temperature Indicator Using AT89c52
PC to PC Optical Fiber Communication
Automatic College Bell
Adaptive Lighting System for Automobiles
Solar Tracking System
Time Operated Solar Tracking System
Electronic Voting Machine
Fire Fighting Robot
Gates Emulator
Home Security System
Infrared Object Counter
Remote Control Switch
Micro Based Digital Clock
Micro Based Digital Code Lock
Multipattern Running Lights
Password Based Door Locking
RF Based Automatic Meter Reading
RF Based Remote Control
Secured Wireless Data Communication
Pc to Pc Communication Through RF Link
SMS Based Home Appliances Control
SMS Based Voting Machine
SMS Based DC Motor Control
SMS Based Home Security System
SMS Based Energy Meter Monitoring
GSM  Controlled Wireless Robot
SMS Based Stepper Motor Control
SMS Controlled Vehicle Ignition System For Safety
SMS Based Generator Start/Stop System
SMS Based Vending Machine
SMS Based Anti Theft System For Vehicle
SMS Based Railway Reservation System
SMS Based Vehicle Location Finder For Parking
SMS Based Notice Board For College and School
AT89C52 Based   Robo  Car 
RF ID Based Banking System
RF ID Based Voting Machine
Display the Position of Train Coach in Railway Platform Using RF ID
RF ID Based ATM Machine
RF ID Based Attendance System
Automatic Car Parking System Using RF ID
RF ID Based Automatic Challan System
RF ID Based Blind Man Stick
RF ID Based Event Tracking System for Sports
RF ID Based Library Management System
RF ID Based Local Vehicle Tracking System
RF ID Based Metro Train Prototype
RF ID Based Railway Reservation
RF ID Based Security cum Attendance System
RF ID Based Security System
RF ID Based Shopping Cart
RF ID Based Telemedicine System
RF ID Based Toll tax System
RF ID Based Electronic Road Pricing for Controlling the traffic
RF ID Based Prepaid Energy Meter with Recharge option   
Automatic Line Follow Robot
Automatic Water Level   Controller   with Motor Protector
Cell phone Based Device Control with Voice  Acknowledgement               
Digital Visitor Counter                                                 
Microcontroller Based   Code Lock
Microcontroller  Based Temperature  Indicator 
Microcontroller Based Industrial Timer
Microcontroller Based DC Motor Control                  
Microcontroller Based Bidirectional Visitor Counter
Microcontroller Based Digital Count Down   Timer
Microcontroller Based   Tachometer
Microcontroller Based Speedometer-cum-Odometer   
Microcontroller Based Solar Charger
Microcontroller Based Moving Message Display
PIC16F877A   Based   Temperature Monitoring System
PIC Microcontroller Based Electronic Lock
Remote Controlled Real Time Clock with Device Controller
 Remote Controlled Audio Processor   Using   Microcontroller
Secured Room Access System Using    Atmega8535
Ultrasonic Distance Meter 

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