ACCIDENT
ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC DIALER
New
generation of cars are improved in such a way that the number of accidents
decreases. Innovative ideas has implemented and emerged in order to reduce the
risk of accident. During the recent past years, some alarm system and
intelligent controlled apparatus have been designed and developed in order to
increase the safety of automobiles.
Security in travel is
primary concern for everyone. This Project describes a design of effective
alarm system that can monitor an automotive / vehicle / car condition in traveling. The project name “ACCIDENT ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC DIALER” shows that
project is designed to prevent the accident and to inform emergency about an
accident that has occurred.
This project uses a glass
breakage sensor that detects breakage of glass and smoke detector that detects
any smoke due to fire in the vehicle. These sensors send a signal to
microcontroller. A DTMF dialer is connected to the microcontroller. A basic
telephone unit is interfaced to the DTMF dialer chip that sends call to the
predefined mobile or emergency number and informs about this accident.Sometimes,
vehicles large in size (i.e. trucks, loading vehicles) have problems in driving
the vehicle. There are some points which are not visible from driver’s seat,
these are called blind points. Some time, objects or vehicles very near to
truck got accident. This problem is called blind spot. Some time due to fog
vehicles are not visible up to very less distance, an accident can occur due to
this. While driving at night there can be a short nap to driver due to which
accident can occur. Sometimes there are 4 wheelers having one headlight not
working due to this they appear to be 2 wheelers and tend to cause accidents.
To prevent the vehicle from accident, proximity detector used in this project
that detect an object through its range and alert the driver
The
block diagram shows the main contents used in project. The project includes 9
volt power supply system that provides power supply to the project. At the
input of microprocessor, three detector circuits used to apply and according to
their output alarm and dialer circuit works. The main contents of the project
taking part in construction are:-
1. Power supply system
2. Various sensors used in project
3. Microcontroller
4. Dialer system
Power
supply system
The
230V AC mains supply is stepped down to 5V AC using step-down transformer X1.
The output from the secondary of the transformer is rectified by a bridge
rectifier and filtered by capacitor. The filtered output is regulated by
regulator IC to obtain the required 5V
VARIOUS
SENSORS USED IN PROJECT
A sensor
is a device which measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, a mercury
thermometer converts
the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can
be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output
voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, all sensors need to
be calibrated against known standards.
The sensors used in project are given below:-
1. Smoke detector
2. Proximity sensor
3. Glass
breakage detector
1. SMOKE DETECTOR
As
it is mentioned previously that smoke detector is a circuit that used to detect
any smoke in the particular range. Smoke detector circuit uses an IC 555 that
is a timer IC. This circuit uses a very simple approach to detecting smoke in
the air. It uses an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as a light detector. As fire
smoke comes across the LDR range, the resistance of the LDR changes, which in
turn trigger an alarm.
2. PROXIMITY SENSOR
The
proximity sensor used in the project is a long range IR transmitter circuit.
This is an ULTRASONIC SENSOR work on a principal similar to radar. Here a
detector circuit is used that will give long range detection.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The
circuit uses three infrared transmitting LED's (IR1, IR2, and IR3) in series to
increase the radiated power. Further to increase directivity and power density,
in circuit, IR LEDs inside the reflector of torch can assemble. For increasing
the efficiency a MOSFET (BS170) is used, which acts as a switch and thus reduce
the power loss that would result if a transistor were used. To avoid any dip
during its “ON/OFF” operation, a 100μF reservoir capacitor C2 is used
across the power supply. Capacitor C2 supplies extra charge during switch on
operation.
As the MOSFET exhibits large capacitance across gate source
terminals, a special drive arrangement has been made using NPN-PNP DARLINGTON
PAIR of BS547 and BS557 (as emitter follower), to avoid the distortion to the
gate drive input. Data to be transmitted is used for modulating the 38 kHz
frequency generator by CD4047 (IC1).
In the
receiver section, TSOP1738 is used for efficient reception. The transmitter
circuit transmit the IR waves towards the target and in receiver section,
receiver receive the IR signals with variations and give suitable output to the
microprocessor.
3.GLASS BREAKAGE DETECTOR
Schematic
diagram of glass breakage detector is shown in the fig. below
A switch is fitted in
closed condition below glass. As far as switch is closed current is flowing
through resistor R and output is 1. When glass breakage occurs, switch gets
open and output is 0, which is detected by microcontroller. According to the
output of glass breakage detector, microcontroller gives automatic dialing.
Microcontroller
Microcontroller
is a on-chip computer or single chip computer. This small device is used to
control event, processes and objects. Another term to describe micro-controller
is embedded controller because the microcontroller and its support circuits are
often built into, or embedded in, devices they control.
Any
device that measures, stores, controls, calculates and displays information is
a candidate for putting microcontroller inside. Microcontroller contains
memory, I/O interfaces in addition to the C.P.U. Because the amount of memory
and interfaces is limited so microcontrollers are used for smaller system
In
this project, microcontroller 8051 is used.
DIALER SYSTEM
Dialer
system in this project is used to dial the number prescribed or predefined. As
the microcontroller produces the active output for dialer, it starts automatic
dialing to the predefined number that is store in the dialer system of project.
DTMF dialer chip UM91214C is used in the project for DTMF dialing.
Related
Projects:
Vehicle
Accident Prevention Using eye Blink Sensor
Can the moderator post a valid or working schematic of the whole project. Specially the connections/interface of every circuits.
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